Topological Invariants for the General Structure of Grape Seed Proanthocyanidins
Abstract
In this paper, we formulate the degree-based topological indices such as first Zagreb index, second Zagreb index, third Zagreb index, atom bond connectivity index, geometric-arithmetic (GA) index, general sum connectivity index, hyper-Zagreb index, augmented Zagreb index, sum connectivity index and general Randic index Rλ (℘), for λ = © −1, 1, − 1 2 , 1 2 ª for grape seed Proanthocyanidins network. By using above-mentioned topological indices, this study provides us different outcomes.
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Published
2025-05-11
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Copyright (c) 2022 Muhammad Haroon Aftab, Muhammad Rafaqat , Muhammad Hussain

This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License.
How to Cite
Topological Invariants for the General Structure of Grape Seed Proanthocyanidins. (2025). Punjab University Journal of Mathematics, 54(1), 45-53. https://pujm.pu.edu.pk/index.php/pujm/article/view/203
